Articles & Legal Insights

Practical legal guidance and timely updates from The Karam Firm — helping individuals and businesses navigate complex legal landscapes with confidence.

Expanded Excise Tax Risk for Nonprofits Paying High Compensation

The Treasury Department and IRS have announced that they intend to issue proposed regulations addressing the excise tax on excess compensation and excess parachute payments paid by applicable tax-exempt organizations. The announcement, issued in Notice 2026-36, follows statutory changes that expanded the reach of Internal Revenue Code section 4960.

This is an important development for nonprofits, hospitals, universities, private foundations, tax-exempt affiliates, supporting organizations, and related entities that pay significant compensation to executives, physicians, investment professionals, athletic personnel, administrators, or other highly compensated employees.

The issue is no longer limited only to the five highest-compensated employees of a tax-exempt organization. Under the expanded rules, the tax may apply more broadly to any employee with compensation exceeding $1 million in a tax year or to an employee who receives an excess parachute payment.

That change can create new tax exposure, governance concerns, reporting obligations, and compensation-planning issues for organizations that may not have previously viewed themselves as subject to IRC section 4960 risk.

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IRS Updates OBBB Guidance: ERC Refund Limits and Gig Economy Reporting Changes Create New Compliance Issues

The IRS has updated its guidance on tax changes under the One, Big, Beautiful Bill Act, including two areas that are likely to generate taxpayer confusion and controversy: limitations on Employee Retention Credit refund claims and changes affecting gig economy workers and Form 1099-K reporting.

For many taxpayers, these updates are not simply technical. They affect whether a business can still receive an ERC refund, how a taxpayer should respond to an IRS disallowance letter, and whether income received through payment apps or online platforms must be reported even when no information return is issued.

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Tax Court Confirms Crypto Staking Rewards Are Taxable When Received

The Tax Court’s recent decision in Paschall v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo. 2026-46, is an important development for taxpayers who receive cryptocurrency staking rewards. The case addressed a question that has been heavily debated in the digital-asset tax community: are staking rewards taxable when received, or only later when the taxpayer sells or exchanges the tokens?

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TIRS and Security Summit Announce New Anti-Fraud Framework: What Taxpayers and Businesses Should Know

The IRS and its Security Summit partners have announced a new framework designed to better protect taxpayers and federal tax revenue from identity theft and refund fraud. The announcement is not just a cybersecurity update. It reflects a broader shift in how tax fraud is occurring and how the IRS, states, tax software companies, payroll providers, and tax professionals are trying to respond.

For taxpayers, businesses, and professional advisors, the practical message is direct: tax identity theft is no longer limited to obviously fake returns or crude phishing emails. Fraudsters increasingly seek real taxpayer, payroll, wage, withholding, and financial data so they can file returns that look legitimate enough to bypass ordinary filters.

That makes prevention, documentation, and rapid response more important than ever.

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Capital Gain, Partnerships, Tax Audit, IRS Colette Karam Capital Gain, Partnerships, Tax Audit, IRS Colette Karam

New Partnership Interest Reporting Rules: What Sellers and Partnerships Need to Review

The Treasury Department and IRS have finalized regulations modifying information-reporting obligations for certain sales or exchanges of partnership interests. The final regulations are effective May 20, 2026, and remove Treasury Regulation section 1.6050K-1(c)(2), a rule that had required partnerships to furnish certain computational information to transferor partners in connection with sales or exchanges involving section 751 property.

Although the change is procedural, it matters. Partnership interest sales are often described casually as capital gain transactions, but that description can be incomplete. If the partnership owns certain “hot assets,” including unrealized receivables or inventory items, part of the selling partner’s gain may be treated as ordinary income rather than capital gain. That ordinary-income component can affect tax reporting, tax liability, return preparation, transaction diligence, withholding considerations, and downstream IRS correspondence.

For partnerships, sellers, buyers, and tax professionals, the new rules are a reminder that a partnership interest sale is not always a simple sale of a capital asset. Before a transaction closes, and before a return is filed, taxpayers should consider whether section 751 applies and whether the reporting is properly coordinated.

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Penalties, IRS, Current Topcis, Collections Colette Karam Penalties, IRS, Current Topcis, Collections Colette Karam

Form 843, the Penalty-Abatement Narrative, and Protective Claims After Kwong

Form 843, Claim for Refund and Request for Abatement, is one of the principal tools taxpayers use to request a refund or abatement of certain penalties, additions to tax, interest, fees, or other amounts. But Form 843 is not just a form. The form itself is only the cover page. The substance of the request is usually the narrative: the factual chronology, legal basis, supporting documents, and explanation of why the IRS should remove or refund the amount at issue.

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California, Residency Issues, Tax Audit, IRS, FTB Colette Karam California, Residency Issues, Tax Audit, IRS, FTB Colette Karam

Leaving California for Tax Reasons: Why Moving Is Only the First Step

For California tax purposes, moving out of the state is important, but it is not always enough. The Franchise Tax Board may examine whether the taxpayer truly changed domicile, whether the taxpayer remained a California resident, whether the taxpayer’s absence from California was temporary or transitory, and whether any income remains California-source even after the move.

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IRS, State Tax Issues, Stock Options Colette Karam IRS, State Tax Issues, Stock Options Colette Karam

Taxes on Stock Options: Why the Grant, Exercise, and Sale Dates All Matter

From a tax perspective, options are not simple. The tax result can turn on the type of option, the exercise price, the fair market value of the stock, the timing of exercise, the holding period, the employee’s alternative minimum tax exposure, and whether the company complied with technical plan and valuation rules.

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Qualified Settlement Funds: A Practical Tax Tool for Managing Lawsuit Settlement Proceeds

When a lawsuit settles, the parties often focus on the settlement amount, the release, confidentiality, payment timing, and dismissal. Tax reporting is sometimes treated as a secondary issue. That can be a mistake. In many cases, the timing, structure, and destination of settlement payments can materially affect tax reporting, plaintiff planning, attorney-fee issues, lien resolution, structured settlement decisions, and the defendant’s ability to close the matter.

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IRS Forms 1099 in Lawsuit Settlements: Why the Tax Reporting May Not Match What the Parties Expected

Lawsuit settlements often end with a signed agreement, a release, and a payment. For tax purposes, however, the matter may not be over when the settlement funds are disbursed. Months later, the plaintiff, counsel, or both may receive one or more IRS Forms 1099 reporting some or all of the settlement proceeds. That reporting can be confusing, and in some cases it can create a mismatch between how the parties viewed the settlement and how the payment is later reported to the IRS.

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